Citations On A Research Paper

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If you use class notes, some lecturers are not too worried about citations, although it is usually good practice to find a source saying the same information, from a textbook or journal.

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There are a few variations, especially with electronic information, but they all follow the same basic structure.

If the author has written more than one paper in the same year, then you can use an alphabetical appendix: The other difficulty is when there is no author mentioned, and the source was written by an organization.

General knowledge, such as 'Crick and Watson discovered the structure of DNA,' will not need referencing.

Common knowledge in the field is generally fine, too, although you should err on the side of caution.If you use one style all of the way through, there should be no problem, but mixing the styles makes things unclear to the reader and may well be punished by your supervisor.The American Psychological Association standard (APA-standard) is used in most social and psychological papers, and variations of the author/date style are used by many scientific disciplines.The exact abbreviation does not matter too much, as long as it is clear in the bibliography.The same is true of many electronic sources, although be careful that any non-attributed source is reliable.In this case, you use the name of the organization or a recognized abbreviation.For example, NHS, for the National Health Service, or WHO, for the World Health Organization.Most of your introduction, and much of your discussion, involve building upon the research of others, placing your research project in the context of previous findings in the field.It is perfectly acceptable to quote the work of others and, in fact, it is essential that you do so.The MLA style in text citation has two variations, the author/page number, although the modern trend is for author/year/page number, such as If there are more than two authors listed, then the usual standard is to mention both (Sargeant & Mc Evoy, 2008).For multiple authors, it is usual to mention them all the first time, but to use 'et al.' afterwards.